Although wood is an excellent heat insulator, its strength and other properties are affected adversely by exposure for extended periods to temperatures above about 100f. Properties such as weight, strength, stiffness, bending and woodworking qualities, hardness, durability, permeability to staining and shrinkage are among the most important characteristics to someone using wood. It can also be treated with teak oil giving it more protection against the elements. Overall, the wood properties of teak from a unmanaged forest in east timor were. Teak is sold in per cubic feet and its rate is much higher than other woods. It has been the primary source of raw material for the thriving timber processing sector. Properties of structural lumber sectional properties of standard dressed s4s lumber sizes. Wood has always been and continues to be a material of great importance to mankind. Create marketing content that resonates with prezi video. Density of a sample of wood is usually calculated as the weight density instead of mass. Structure and properties of wood a presentation by the canadian wood council and forintek canada corporation canadian conseil wood canadien council du bois.
Teak wood is expensive because its demand keeps increasing but its supply has diminished. Pdf the wood quality from 50 to 70yearold tectona grandis trees from an unmanaged forest in east timor was assessed. A comparison of mechanical and physical wood properties. Teak is a natural wood, ideal for outside furniture. It is largely such properties that determine the use of wood for structural and building purposes and innumerable other uses of. Author links open overlay panel jin heon kwon a rangho shin b nadir ayrilmis c tae hyung han a. Physical and mechanical properties of selected wood species. Properties of solid wood and laminated wood lumber manufactured by cold pressing and heat treatment. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The mechanical properties of wood are its fitness and ability to resist applied or external forces.
The mechanical properties of wood, including specific gracity, strength, bending strength, movement, stability, working characteristics, and common uses. Part of the workshop companion, a collection of information on wood, woodwork, woodworking skills, woodworking materials, and woodworking plans that together form the core knowledge needed by. Physical properties refer to density and moisture relations that affect its use. Physical heartwood percentage, wood color, basic density, and shrinkage per 1 %. Teak tectona grandis is one of the worlds premier hardwood timbers, rightly. By external force is meant any force outside of a given piece of material which tends to deform it in any manner. However, an actual sample of wood also contains air in the cell lumens, so most woods have a density less than 1 gcm. It contains natural oils that protect it against wet and cold weather.
Furniture, cabinets, decorative woodwork, flooring, cutting surfaces, musical instruments. Miller contents bark, wood, branches, and cambium 21 sapwood and heartwood 22 growth rings 22 wood cells 23 chemical composition 23 species identification 24 references 24 he fibrous nature of wood strongly influences how it is used. Structural grades and related allowable properties for visually graded lumber. The woodworkers guide to identifying, selecting and using the right wood. G, wood rays connect the various layers from pith to bark for storage and transfer of food. Part of the workshop companion, a collection of information on wood, woodwork, woodworking skills, woodworking materials, and woodworking plans that together form the core knowledge needed by woodworkers, furniture makers, cabinetmakers, turners, and other practioners of the wood arts to become competent. The physical and mechanical properties of wood are important factors used in determining the. In the interest of economy and to permit using wood more efficiently, increasing amounts of wood today find their way into manufactured structural materials or members such as 1 plywood, hardboard, chipboard, flakeboard, waferboard, and plastic wood. Although inner and outer bark can be distinguished by eye, growth rings are not macroscopically distinct. A comparison of properties and uses purdue extension. Bark constitutes, on the average, about 10 percent of the volume of a tree, but the figure varies depending on tree species and age. This situation will continue for some time into the future.
In connection with these, associated properties of importance are. Properties and processing facts for coconut wood revised august 2010. A comparison of mechanical and physical wood properties of a range of sitka spruce provenances foreword sitka spruce currently accounts for 60% of the forest estate in i reland. Chapter 5 mechanical properties of wood modulus of rigidity the modulus of rigidity, also called shear modulus, indicates the resistance to deflection of a member caused by shear stresses. Part of the workshop companion, a collection of information on wood, woodwork, woodworking skills, woodworking materials, and woodworking plans that together form the core knowledge needed by woodworkers, furniture makers, cabinetmakers, turners, and other practioners of the wood. For this reason substitute woods are sometimes used. Teak is one of the most common tropical hardwood trees that has managed to become a mainstay of the wood processing industry. In the direction of the grain, the thermal conductivity of wood is about twice what it is perpendicular to the grain. Structure and properties of wood canadian wood council.
Properties of structural lumber sectional properties of. Mechanical properties of wood plastic com posites wpcs manufactured from sawdust and virgin andor recycled plastics, namely high density. These risks depend on the exposure of wood to moisture. The outer, higher density stem fibre has properties similar to many hardwood timbers and is suitable for high value flooring products. Physical properties are the quantitative characteristics of wood and its behavior to external influences other than applied forces. Comparison of teak wood properties according to forest management. Maple wood properties also include that this wood type is heavy, hard, strong, tough, stiff, closegrained, and possesses a uniform texture. Cocowood is the processed stem fibre of the coconut palm cocos nucifera. Definition the mechanical properties of wood are its fitness and ability to resist applied or external forces the mechanical properties of wood considered are 1 stiffness and elasticity, 2 tensile strength, 3 compressive or crushing strength, 4 shearing strength, 5 transverse or bending strength, 6 toughness, 7 hardness, 8 cleavability, 9. Mechanical properties refer to the strength characteristics of wood. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Overall, the wood properties of teak from a unmanaged forest in east.
They do not have the same outstanding qualities as teak. Timbers their properties and uses the characteristics and uses of a broad range of species seen in the uk are contained in this wood information sheet. Density lesson 1 showed that wood is a porous material made up of cells of various kinds. Included here are directional properties, moisture content, dimensional stability, thermal and pyrolytic fire properties, density, and electrical, chemical, and decay resistance. Thermal conductivity declines as the density of the wood decreases. Pdf wood properties of teak tectona grandis from a mature. The name burmese teak, however, does refer to genuine teak. Note that due to sampling inadequacies, these values may not necessarily represent average species characteristics. Wood handbookchapter 4mechanical properties of wood. Apr 09, 2010 this is a small powerpoint presentation i used last season at classroom with my students of 1. Presents properties of wood and wood based products of particular concern to the architect and engineer. International science congress association 256 comparative study of wood physical and mechanical properties of melia dubia with tectona grandis at different age gradation v. Wood properties of teak tectona grandis from a mature unmanaged stand in east timor.
The size of communitygrown teak plantation in major growing areas in java and eastern indonesia central bureau of statistic 2004 province number of number of trees household total 1 ready for harvest2 west java 171,907 4,053,909 5. The aim was to evaluate teak in mature stands that had undergone uncontrolled disturbances, e. Many of the mechanical properties of wood tabulated in this chapter were. Reaction wood reaction wood is abnormal wood that occurs in the boles of leaning and crooked trees and in branches. The usual procedure is to take a wood bearing any degree of resemblance to teak and insert a geographical location in front of the name. Wood properties durability and use class en 3502en 335en 460 due to its organic nature, wood is likely to be damaged by biological agents such as insects and fungi. For example, the thermal conductivity of pine in the direction of the grain is 0. The basic strength properties representative of various species are always established on the basis of a large number of tests on clear specimens in the airdry condition. Overall, the wood properties of teak from a unmanaged forest in east timor were comparable to those reported for plantation teaks of other origin.
Strength properties of commercially important woods woodbin. Shorea wood and iroko often called african teak are known as teak substitutes. Properties of wood there are fewer species of conifers. These important innovations can facilitate use of urban timber. Wood is one of the most versatile and widely used materials in the world. The thermal conductivity of wood is relatively low because of the porosity of timber. Drying lumber is also an important part of the manufacturing process. Strength properties of commercially important woods the table below provides laboratoryderived values for several mechanical properties of wood that are associated with wood strength. In the interest of economy and to permit using wood more efficiently, increasing amounts of wood today find their way into manufactured structural materials or members such as 1 plywood, hardboard, chipboard, flakeboard. Pdf wood properties of teak tectona grandis from a. Feb 19, 2016 this video is presented by techtraining llc. Timor were comparable to those reported for plantation teaks of other origin. The three moduli of rigidity denoted by glr, glt, and grt are the elastic constants in the lr, lt, and rt planes, respectively.
The rent includes all utilities for this secondfloor apartment located in a quiet neighborhood in north charleston. The cellular composition of bark has certain similarities to that of wood but also important differences. A good thumb rule of woodworking states that the denser and heavier a wood, the stronger it is. Year 11 materials and material properties by simon renison. Such values obtained for white spruce, for example, show that its. These trees bear cones and most of them have needle. Wood structure and its physical properties course no. This lesson covers the physical and mechanical properties of wood.
Physical and mechanical properties of selected wood. Methods in astm standard d 245 involve adjusting strength properties of small clear specimens of wood, as given in astm standard d 255506 2011 establishing clear wood strength values, for effects of knots, slope of grain, splits, checks, size, duration. Wood properties by species the following information is provided for each wood. Mechanical properties of wood plastic com posites wpcs manufactured from sawdust and virgin andor recycled plastics, namely high perties of sawdust before and after use as artificial soil. The natural durability of wood reflects its intrinsic resistance to biological attacks. The project gutenberg ebook of the mechanical properties of.
Wood is a hygroscopic, meaning it is a material that absorbs water. Thanks to the lower water content and structural changes. Included are such properties as moisture content, density, dimensional stability, thermal and pyrolytic fire properties, natural durability, and chemical resistance. For structural applications, wood is most commonly found as either sawn timbers, lumber, or glued laminated members glulams. It can be used in anything from wood carving and creating small wooden items, such as chairs and rocking horses, to building timber structures and sheds. The moisture content of wood means the relationship between the mass of water in it and the mass of the timber without the water. Kretschmann contents orthotropic nature of wood 41 elastic properties 42 modulus of elasticity 42 poissons ratio 42 modulus of rigidity 43 strength properties 43 common properties 43 less common properties 424 vibration properties 425. The pattern is usually straightgrained and sometimes found with highly figured birdseye or burl grain. Density, as will be seen in lesson 2, is an excellent indicator of many wood properties particularly strength and yield, as related to the production of pulp. Log qualities, wood properties and processing of teaklog. Reduced water absorption has to be taken into account when working with water solvent glue or paint. Physical properties teak has a high degree of natural durability, is moderately hard and heavy with low stiffness and shock resistance but an excellent decay resistance and dimensional stability with a good acid resistance. Timber general revised june 1999 amended october 2002 cisfb yi uniclass p51 udc 699.
Log qualities, wood properties and processing of teaklog from. Wood properties,material wood,properties of maple and walnut wood. Teak the wood database lumber identification hardwood. Sometimes it grows over 90 metres high and four and one half metres in diameter. Definition the mechanical properties of wood are its fitness and ability to resist applied or external forces the mechanical properties of wood considered are 1 stiffness and elasticity, 2 tensile strength, 3 compressive or crushing strength, 4 shearing strength, 5 transverse or bending strength, 6 toughness, 7 hardness. A companion sheet wood decorative and practical includes. Pdf comparison of teak wood properties according to forest. Nominal size b x d, inches standard dressed size b x. Summarizes information on wood as an engineering material.
Abstract the physical properties of sawdust including po rosity, water. Properties of solid wood and laminated wood lumber manufactured by cold pressing and heat treatment article in materials and design 62. Its waterresistant yellowish heartwood that darkens with age is very well suited in outdoor construction, furniture, and boat decks, as well as many indoor applications in flooring, paneling, countertops, furniture and structural columns. Wood chemical composition hemicellulose a celluloselike material in the wood cell wall that is easily decomposed by dilute acid to yield simple sugars extractives organic material deposited during heartwood formation gums, resins, oils, alkaloids. For example, the price of perhutanis teak log with the same diameter but having almost full heartwood could be sold at rp 20 million, while that of teak log from community plantation is only rp 6 up to 10 million per cubic meter. However, it is important to evaluate wood quality of selected superior teak. Physical properties of wood designing buildings wiki share your construction industry knowledge. Teak is expensive and sometimes hard to findpurchase. Pdf structural properties of cellular wood material.
Wood properties,material wood,properties of maple and. Properties of solid wood and laminated wood lumber. Physical properties of wood designing buildings wiki. The project gutenberg ebook of the mechanical properties. Cards of wood, provider of custom printed wood postcards and bookmarks, holiday cards, business cards, wood panels and veneer sheets offers these pdf downloads. Mechanical properties of wood forest products laboratory. Wood properties of teak tectona grandis from a mature.
Electric baseboard heat, electric stove and gas water tank. The combination of high relative humidity or mc and high temperatures, in unventilated attic areas, can have serious effects on roof sheathing. Includes discussion of designing with wood and wood based products along with some pertinent uses. For instance, cumaru is sometimes referred to as brazilian teak, while rhodesian teak bears little botanical relation to real teak tectona grandis. Mc88 9016 structural features of wood the structure of wood and the location and amount of water in wood influence its drying characteristics. The physical properties of wood, including color, weight, texture, grain, and pattern.
However, their properties do not match those of teak. Thailand, burma and india are just three countries. A companion sheet wood decorative and practical includes colour illustrations and brief details. The mechanical properties of wood considered in this book are. F, pith is the soft tissue about which the first wood growth takes place in the newly formed twigs. Density of the substance that makes up a wood cell wall has been found to be about 1. It could drop to one third up to one half of regular price of the log per cubic meter. Properties such as color, luster, taste, hardness, odor, and texture are important in wood identification. Maple wood has excellent resistance to abrasion, indentation, and shock.
567 1278 1144 691 16 1033 1297 1089 919 78 1011 742 1186 16 35 1530 458 693 1293 1171 527 1015 1078 313 1445 832 965 665 1048 1423 232 1397 388 581 895 264